Zone Diet: Everything You Need to Know
Starting a new eating plan or trying to reign in poor eating habits can feel daunting. The beauty of the Zone Diet is whether you are starting, need a diet refresh, or want more convenience, we have you covered. Get a sense of what the diet is all about with our macro guide. This will tell you the types of proteins, carbohydrates and fats that are ideal in the Zone. Want to know exactly what you can have and how much? Try the food block method or counting macros. Both approaches give you the tools to know how to eat in the Zone while teaching you how to incorporate all your favorite foods too. If fast and convenient is your speed, Zone Foods take the thinking out and make meal prep easy. See what method works for you. Pick What Works For You No matter which approach you choose to get you to the Zone you'll always end up in the same place. It really comes down to how much time you want to spend and how precise you want to be. A perfectly balanced Zone meal should control hunger and fatigue for 4-5 hours. The Macro Guide Committing to an eating plan can be overwhelming at first. Why not see if you like the foods and how you can adapt it to what you are already eating. Our macro guide gives you a brief tutorial on the Zone Diet along with a list of the protein, carbohydrate and fat choices that are most ideal in the Zone. Hand-Eye Method The hand-eye method becomes very helpful when you're at a buffet, eating in restaurants, having a catered work lunch, or going to a get-together with friends. All you do is simply divide your plate into three equal sections. On one-third of the plate, you put low-fat protein about the size and thickness of the palm of your hand. The other two-thirds should be filled with colorful carbohydrates, primarily non-starchy vegetables with limited fruits. Finally add a drizzle/dash of monounsaturated fat (olive oil, nuts, avocado) to complete the meal. Counting Macronutrients Using an app to log your foods already? No problem! Fitness apps like myfitnesspal or Lose-It allow you to plug in your macros for a meal or the whole day. This is a great option if you don't want to spend too much time calculating. It allows you to use food labels or tally the totals from each meal to gauge whether you’re in the Zone. If you are calculating total calories as a percent, aim for about 40% of calories from carbohydrates (non-starchy is most ideal), 30% from lean protein, and 30% from heart-healthy monounsaturated fat. Each meal is about 350-400 calories, at least 25 grams of lean protein, less than 12 grams of heart-healthy fat, and about 35 grams of net carbs (total carbohydrate minus fiber). The carbohydrates you choose should come primarily from low-glycemic choices like those in non-starchy vegetables. Zone Food Blocks If you are someone who likes to be as precise as possible, an athlete, or have a defined health goal, counting your macros (protein, carbs and fat) with Zone Food Blocks is the most precise way to get to the Zone. This even gives you an idea of how to fit the occasional indulgence in so you can still stay on plan and not overdo it. If you haven’t already done so, enter your measurements into our Body Fat Calculator. Your results from the Body Fat Calculator will include how many Zone Blocks you should consume. Our Food Block Guide will help you assemble meals and snacks that fit your lifestyle. Zone Foods Zone Foods were designed for those looking for easy ways to get to the Zone with minimal effort. Each Zone food has the balance you’ve come to expect from Zone plus they’re convenient, nutritious, easy to prepare, and taste great Other Helpful Tools: 7 Day Zone Diet Meal Plan How do you Zone? Let us know in the comments below!
Olive Oil Benefits
Olive oil has been prized for thousands of years for its health benefits. As to why remains a more open question. As a source of polyphenols, extra virgin olive oil is relatively low compared to berries and other sources of polyphenols like unrefined cocoa powder, as shown below: Polyphenol source amount per 100 g increase in polyphenols compared to olive oil. The numbers above indicate that when comparing the identical weights of various food sources, berries contain four to ten times more polyphenols than extra virgin olive oil. Unrefined cocoa powder contains more than 100 times the polyphenol levels compared to the same weight of olive oil. So, maybe it is not the polyphenol content that counts for the touted health benefits of extra virgin olive. If not, then what else might be in extra virgin olive oil? I believe the answer is the unique anti-inflammatory phenols contained in extra virgin olive oil. A little terminology is always helpful. A polyphenol is defined as containing two or more phenyl groups in a molecule. A phenolic compound has only one. Furthermore, most polyphenols are composed of polymers that are not absorbed, whereas a phenolic compound contains only monomers easily absorbed. There is nothing magical about a phenol group per se since benzene has a single phenyl group, and no one touts the health benefits of consuming benzene. It is the structure of the phenolic compounds that make extra virgin olive oil so unique. Here they are shown below: The first two compounds are tyrosol and hydroxy-tyrosol which are potent anti-oxidative compounds (1,2). The third structure is oleocanthal which has anti-inflammatory properties (3). To be correctly termed as a polyphenol means the compound must contain at least two phenyl groups, and none of the active compounds in extra virgin olive oil meets that criteria. For comparison, I have enclosed the structure of a true polyphenol with three phenyl groups. This specific polyphenol (a delphinidin) is found in blueberries, maqui berries, red wine, and black beans. Unfortunately, most of the delphinidins and other polyphenols found in fruits and vegetables are in the form of polymers. As a result they are poorly absorbed into the blood. It is only chromatographically purified extracts of the maqui berry that you will find delphinidins as monomers. That is why the polyphenols found in purified maqui extract are highly bioavailable, just like the phenolic compounds found in extra virgin olive oil (4). If the active ingredients don’t get into the blood, they will not do you much good. Getting back to extra virgin olive oil, what you are looking for is the levels of phenolic compounds, not the polyphenols. Most marketers of olive oils don’t have a clue what those levels are because they are challenging to analyze. We are currently doing 3rd party testing on the Zone Extra Virgin Olive Oil batch we just received from Italy and plan to post the results shortly. Even though its hard to test these compounds, one easy way to know it's a quality oil and contains phenolics is the cough test. Take about one teaspoon of extra virgin olive oil and put it on the tip of your tongue. It should taste like melted butter. The lack of any bitter taste indicates low levels of free fatty acids. Then use your tongue to flip it to the back of your throat. If it contains high levels of phenolic compounds, you will get a coughing response. The greater number of coughs you get from this test, the higher the levels of phenolic compounds. This simple test is why Italians refer to a “two-cough” extra virgin olive oil as their standard of excellence, not the total levels of polyphenols. The Zone Labs Organic Extra Virgin Olive Oil is a “two-cough” oil. References 1. Karkovic MA et al. “Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and derivatives and their potential effects on human health.” Molecules. 2019 24:2001. 2. Angeloni C et al. “Bioactivity of olive oil phenols in neuroprotection.” Int J Mol Sci. 2017 18:2230. 3. Pang KL, Chin KY. “The biological activities of oleocanthal from a molecular perspective. Nutrients. 2018 10:570. 4. Schon C et al. “Bioavailability study of maqui berry extract in healthy subjects.” Nutrients. 2018 10:1720.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Q/A Video with Dr. Sears
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), not refined olive oil, is one of the richest of all oils in terms of polyphenols. In this video Dr. Sears discusses why he considers EVOO one of the best oils out there, how it compares to other oils in the consumer marketplace, the health benefits, and how to pick a quality oil. See what he has to say.
Allulose: A Natural Sugar for Better Glycemic Control
One of the critical factors for the success of the Zone diet is improved glycemic control. This concept simply means that blood sugar levels are more stabilized from one meal to the next. The benefits are lack of hunger, better mental cognition, and reduction of inflammation. For decades, the diabetic research community has known that fructose has been the ideal simple sugar for better glycemic control. The reason is that fructose has a glycemic index that is five times lower than glucose. Consequently, this means less glucose enters the blood, and the result is better hormonal control. Part of the reason is that much of the dietary fructose never reaches the blood because bacteria metabolize it in the gut. That’s why I have always used fructose as a primary carbohydrate in Zone bars and shakes. It just makes scientific sense. Unfortunately, like politics, science is also prone to social media. In 2004, a short letter was written observing a correlation in the rise of obesity with the increase of high-fructose corn syrup (1). Keep in mind that high-fructose corn syrup is about 50 percent fructose and 50 percent glucose which is virtual identical to the composition of table sugar. Then came several popular diet books such as Fat Chance claiming our obesity epidemic is caused by fructose (2). One problem with that theory is that fruits are rich in fructose, and no one has ever advocated the stopping of fruit consumption. Another problem with that theory is that high-fructose corn syrup consumption peaked in 1999 and has declined by 40 percent since that time (3). Today the consumption of high-fructose corn syrup is below the level it was in 1990, and our obesity epidemic continues to increase. Rather than cursing the darkness of quasi-scientific misinformation, the best policy is to embrace new science. Now an alternative sweetener has come to market that might have even better glycemic properties than fructose. That’s why I am excited about allulose. Allulose is a natural sugar found in low quantities in various fruits. What is unique about allulose is that 90 percent never enters the blood and thus goes directly to the colon to improve gut health. Consequently, the FDA doesn’t consider allulose to be a sugar because it is not absorbed, but the FDA also doesn’t treat it as a fiber. It's like a “phantom” carbohydrate. However, what it does do in the gut is to increase AMPK levels (4). One of the consequences of activating AMPK is that you live longer (5). Thus, allulose can be considered an “anti-aging “sugar. Now that allulose can be produced in large amounts by biotechnology, it has been recently granted Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) status meaning it can be incorporated into food products. This opens up an entirely new potential for our next generation of Zone shakes and bars for enhanced glycemic control. For example, with the replacement of fructose by allulose in our ZoneRx shakes (currently available in Chocolate and Vanilla), the decrease in total carbohydrates now allows for the addition of extra berries to each shake to achieve a truly Zone balance. The amount of berries we recommend for better glycemic control is based on science not guessing. I recommend adding two blocks of berries (strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, or blackberries). That is also about 1 cup or about 6 oz of berries. This amount adds even more polyphenols and fermentable fiber to the final ZoneRx shake while maintaining the Zone macronutrient balance needed for optimal hormonal control. Of course, it also makes a complete meal that tastes likes a gourmet dessert in seconds. For maximum convenience, just purchase frozen berries (they have a higher nutrient quality than fresh berries) and keep enough already thawed in the refrigerator to make about two Zone shakes. As the leader in nutrition for the last 30 years, we are the first company to have shakes using allulose. Our ZoneRx bars containing allulose are under development and will be available shortly. The more science we can bring to your kitchen, the easier it becomes to retake control of your health by being in the Zone. ZoneRx Chocolate and Vanilla Shakes Now Contain Allulose References Bray GA et al. “Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity.” Am J ClinNutr 79:537-43 (2004) Lustig RH. Fat Chance. Penguin Books. New York, NY (2012) USDA Economic Research Service. “Per capita sweetener deliveries show steady downturn largely due to reduced demand for high fructose corn syrup.” Sugar and Sweetners Data (2021) Shintani T et al. “d-Allulose, a stereoisomer of d-fructose, extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan through a dietary restriction mechanism: A new candidate dietary restriction mimetic.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 493:1528-1533 (2017) Ingram DK and Roth GS. “Glycolytic inhibition: An effective strategy for developing calorie restriction mimetics.” Geroscience https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00298-7 (2020)
Milk and Dairy: Good or Bad For Health?
Since February was heart month, I thought it worthwhile to discuss the relationship between milk and heart health. Dairy milk consumption in the US has decreased by 40% since 1975, but total dairy consumption (milk, cheese, yogurt, and butter) has never been higher. As an example, cheese consumption is up by about 160% since 1975. Furthermore, while dairy milk consumption is decreasing, plant-based “milk” consumption is increasing. It started with soy milk (too beany), then coconut and almond milk (deficient in protein), followed by rice, oat, hemp, and more increasingly exotic plant-based “milk” products. Why? It beats me. Dairy milk is probably the most inexpensive, high-quality protein source (only egg whites have a higher protein quality). Milk also contains calcium, magnesium and potassium, and Vitamin D. So, what’s the problem? A recent study in the British Journal of Nutrition may help explain the controversy (1). The largest consumers of dairy products in the world are the Finnish. When they analyzed collected data over a nearly 30 year period and then made all the appropriate adjustments to the raw data, they found that fermented and non-fermented dairy products had opposite associations with the risk of developing heart disease. Those consuming fermented dairy products had a 26 percent lower risk of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), and those consuming non-fermented dairy products had a 43 percent greater risk of CHD. Furthermore, in the fermented dairy group, the lower the fat content (less than 3.5 percent fat), the less CHD they developed. When you ferment dairy products, you are removing lactose. Dairy milk is about 5 percent lactose. To make yogurt, you add bacterial cultures that break some of the lactose into glucose and galactose. The amount of lactose in yogurt is about 4 percent. When you make cheese, the process is more complicated. First, you start by adding a bacterial culture to pasteurized milk to reduce the initial lactose levels. Then you add rennet, a combination of proteases and lipases. Rennet is the dried inner lining of the fourth stomach chamber of young calves (a byproduct of veal production) to curdle the milk's casein protein. This natural form of rennet is the preferred choice for high-quality cheeses. For more mass-produced cheeses, they use enzymes derived from molds. Whatever the source of rennet, the addition of rennet makes curds leaving much of the lactose and whey protein in the solution. The milk curds are collected and then aged to either make soft cheeses (about 2% lactose) or hard cheeses (about 1% lactose). Okay, but what about the reports of associations of dairy milk consumption and increased IGF-1 levels? IGF-1 is a growth factor that might be associated with breast cancer (2). A recent observational study suggested a potential linkage between IGF-1 and breast cancer (3). However, an earlier study suggested the opposite conclusions (4). The controversy may be related to the fact that non-fermented dairy products increase IGF-1, whereas fermented dairy products don’t increase IGF-1 levels (5). Reducing cancer risk using fermented dairy products is also suggested by a recent meta-analysis (6). In this era of conflicting claims of dairy products and chronic disease, it seems your best bet is to remove as much of the lactose from dairy products that you possibly can and still retain all of the nutritional benefits found in dairy products. The best high-tech way is to make completely lactose-free milk by treating the dairy milk with the enzyme that breakdowns down the lactose into glucose and galactose. Now you have entirely lactose-free dairy milk with all the benefits of inexpensive, high-quality proteins and associated vitamins and minerals. This elimination of lactose is why all of our products either use lactose-free dairy protein or recommend using lactose-free milk in our ZoneRx shakes. To paraphrase Neville Chamberlain, it brings dietary “peace in our time” as well as better health. Let us know your stance on dairy in the comments below. References 1. Koskinen TT et al. Intake of fermented and non-fermented dairy products and the risk of incident CHD. Brit J Nutr 120:1288-1297 (2018) 2. Monson KR et al. Circulating growth factor concentrations and breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and breast cancer in a family-based cohort. Breast Cancer Res 22:109 (2020). 3. Fraser GE et al. Dairy, soy, and risk of breast cancer. Int J Epidemiology 49: 1526–1537 (2020) 4. Hjartaker A et al. Childhood and adult milk consumption and risk of premenopausal breast cancer in a cohort of 48,844 women - the Norwegian women and cancer study. Int J Cancer 93: 888–893 (2001) 5. Ventura ER et al. Association of dietary intake of milk and dairy products with blood concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in Bavarian adults. Eur J Nutr 59:1413-1420 (2020) 6. Zhang K et al. Fermented dairy foods intake and risk of cancer. Int J Cancer 144:2099-2108 (2019)
Cocoa Benefits: 5 Things You May Not Know
We often hear about the benefits of eating chocolate but do you know what makes it healthy? Hint, it’s all about the cocoa! Here are five benefits you may not know about cocoa and why it pays to be choosy with what you pick. Cocoa is rich in a group of naturally occurring compounds called polyphenols. Polyphenols are known for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. While a variety of polyphenols exist in cocoa, the primary polyphenols come from a group called flavanols. It is these polyphenols that are responsible for the health benefits we often attribute to chocolate. What you may not know is that the polyphenol content of cocoa can fluctuate greatly. It largely depends on the type of bean, where it is grown, and other factors like the temperature used in processing or potential use of alkali treatment on the cocoa powder. It has been shown that as much as a three-fold difference can exist in total polyphenol content depending where it is grown. Although 30% of the worlds cocoa is produced in the Ivory Coast, the plants with the highest polyphenols are actually grown in the highlands of Ecuador. Studies show that cocoa helps with the expanding the blood vessels, also called vasodilation. This makes blood move more easily throughout the body. The European Commission has approved the health claim that 200mg of cocoa flavanols from either cocoa beverages or dark chocolate daily helps contribute to normal blood flow.Cocoa supports a healthy gut by promoting the levels of beneficial bacteria. The gut has one of the highest populations of bacteria in the body. Some of these bacteria can be a significant source of inflammation. Cocoa's anti-inflammatory properties help combat this inflammation since most cocoa polyphenols are not absorbable in the blood and end up in the gut.Building on the improved blood properties of cocoa, intervention studies suggest that cocoa benefits the heart by helping to reduce blood pressure, improve vascular function, and help support healthy blood sugar by reducing insulin resistance (1).Since cocoa has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, research suggests this could aid your workouts. Taking cocoa flavanols with exercise has been shown to improve vascular function, reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress and even alter how the body uses carbohydrates and fats during exercise (2). The benefits of cocoa are well researched but before you start thinking about all the places you can add cocoa into your day, here is what you to need to know. Cocoa is naturally rich in the heavy metal cadmium so the higher the concentration of cocoa polyphenols, the higher the amount of cadmium. Why cadmium is dangerous is because it can cause kidney and liver toxicity and inhibits the activity of critical anti-oxidative enzymes (3). This is also why many chocolate products rich in cocoa polyphenols exceed the daily limits for cadmium set by the state of California (3). So how do you get the benefits of cocoa without the cadmium…you look to Dr. Sears. How CacaoRx Came To Be Dr. Sears knew the literature was well documented on the benefits of cocoa for its polyphenol content and improved blood flow properties, but he had to solve for the issue with cadmium. This led him to create a proprietary purification process and ultimately the creation of CacaoRx. The result is the highest concentration of cocoa polyphenols with the lowest levels of cadmium. This is why we post the polyphenol and heavy metal content for each lot of our cocoa polyphenol concentrates so that you can see it meets his incredibly high standards. This purification process then led him to seek regulatory approval so that the cocoa could be used as a food products (a.k.a. Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) status) such as our ZoneRx bars and shakes. Now you can get all the great benefits of cocoa polyphenols without worrying about cadmium, because they were created with Dr. Sears' continuing commitment to product excellence. References: 1. Valeria Ludovici, Jens Barthelmes, Matthias P. Nägele, Frank Enseleit, Claudio Ferri, Andreas J. Flammer, Frank Ruschitzka, Isabella Sudano. Cocoa, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Function. Front Nutr. 2017; 4: 36. Published online 2017 Aug 2. 2. Decroix L, Soares DD, Meeusen R, Heyman E, Tonoli C. Cocoa Flavanol Supplementation and Exercise: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2018 Apr;48(4):867-892. 3. Genchi G, Sinicropi MS, Lauria G, Carocci A, Catalano A. The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 26;17(11):3782. 4. Labs W. Solving the cadmium in chocolate conundrum. Food Engineering. Nov 9, 2020
Healthy Habits for Weight Loss
Turning the page on a new week, new month or new year brings hope, a sense of new beginnings and a fresh start. No matter where you begin, be realistic with yourself. Setting lofty goals or intentions is like trying to get the perfect photo to post on social. Just like you rarely get everyone smiling on the first try, it takes several attempts to get it right, requires work, and sometimes it’s just not realistic. The best way to be successful with your goals is building on what you’re already doing right now, no matter how big or small, and determining what tools you have and need to get you there. This will create habits that stick and make your goals more attainable. Here are some ideas for small things you can do or add into your weekly routine to keep up the healthy habits you’re trying to achieve in 2021. Define Your Goals and How You Plan To Reach Them: Saying you want to lose 10lbs could be a realistic goal, but your success will depend on your plan to get there. Ask yourself what you need to do to reach your goal; whether its logging meals daily, grocery shopping every Sunday, meal planning, enlisting the support of family, establishing an exercise routine, and/or weekly food delivery. Write down the tools you have and the ones you need to succeed. Each week evaluate what’s working, what’s not, and where you can improve. Make Time For Your Priorities: It’s easy to have the best intentions going into the day and then have it spiral out of control with meetings, appointments, or things you hadn’t planned. Getting up early to either prep your meals or workout is a great way to set the day up for success. Not a morning person? Schedule your calendar at the start of the week based on when you want to shop, meal prep, menu plan, or workout. When its already built into your schedule you’re more likely to have it stick. Remember there is always time for the things you prioritize. Try A New Recipe Each Week: If 2020 was the year you ate out less and cooked more at home, build on this healthy habit. Break up the monotony of your weekly meals by incorporating one new meal into your repertoire each week. This is a great way to add more variety to your meals, spice things up, make them healthier and try new things. If you can’t eat out with family and friends why not make this a social event and pick a recipe with a friend or family member and make it together virtually. Move More: A study recently published in the Annals of Internal Medicine confirmed that globally overall activity levels declined during the pandemic (1). Even if you’ve continued to workout, chances are your overall lifestyle activity has declined due to running less errands, working remotely, and trying to streamline your daily activities to minimize exposure. Try and get short bursts of activity wherever you can such as walking the stairs in your house every hour, taking a walk around the neighborhood a few times a day, or bring a little extra fire and intensity to the workouts you’re already doing. Declutter Your Kitchen: One of the biggest things working against you could be your environment, especially if you’re still working remotely or spending more time at home. Studies show that individuals eat less when they’re in an environment that is less cluttered and less chaotic. Declutter your countertops, keep healthy foods in your line of vision, keep processed foods out of reach or avoid buying, and make sure to keep your pantry and fridge stocked with easy to grab healthy options like nuts, Greek yogurt, cheese sticks, fruit, hummus, or veggies. Don’t Ditch the Carbs, Swap Them: Processed carbohydrates (breads, pastries, cereals, starchy snacks and sweets) are convenient, but the calories can add up quick. Replacing simple carbs with those rich in fermentable fiber like vegetables and fruit improves the release of hormones in the gut tied to satiety. These hormones send signals to our brain staying stop eating. Just remember to increase your intake of fiber rich foods slowly and consume more water when you do. This will improve digestion and keep everything moving. Evaluate Your Relationship With Alcohol: Maybe the idea of Sober January wasn’t a bad one. Alcohol consumption has drastically increased over the past year with heavy drinking (more than 4 glasses) in women spiking 41% (2). Alcohol can wreak havoc on our mood, energy, activity level, and relationships making little to no alcohol the ideal choice. Evaluate your relationship with alcohol and if it might be time to change the frequency of your consumption. Show Some Gratitude: One thing we learned in 2020 is gratitude and to not take things for granted. Having gratitude and expressing it in small ways can promote feelings of happiness, decrease stress, and improve mental well-being. This could be done through writing notes of appreciation, verbalizing thank you’s or writing down what we’re grateful for daily. The goal is to focus on what you have, not what you lack which promotes greater satisfaction and happiness (3). Check out our daily gratitude journal here. As we kick off 2021 with our hopes of a fresh start, make sure to give yourself credit for all the positive things you did for your health in 2020. Build on these positive behaviors, congratulate yourself when you hit milestones, and don’t be hard on yourself if you slip up. Set realistic and achievable goals and we know this will be your best year yet. Remember that no matter what your health goals are this year that we’re always here to help! Tison GH, Avram R, Kuhar P, Abreau S, Marcus GM, Pletcher MJ, Olgin JE. Worldwide Effect of COVID-19 on Physical Activity: A Descriptive Study. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Nov 3;173(9):767-770. Alcohol Consumption Rises Sharply During Pandemic Shutdown; Heavy Drinking by Women Rises 41%. Available at: https://www.rand.org/news/press/2020/09/29.html. Accessed: January 7, 2021. Giving thanks can make you happier. Available at: https://www.health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/giving-thanks-can-make-you-happier. Accessed: January 7, 2021.
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Dr. Sears Hormone Replacement Therapy Lecture This week Dr. Sears dives into a lecture on Hormone Replacement Therapy. We often think of anti-aging as just replacing the hormones of youth, but we now know hormones such as estrogen and testosterone are multi-tasking. These hormones also have anti-inflammatory properties which is their secret to anti-aging. Learn more in the video below.
Mood Boosting Tips
This has been a year of highs and lows to say the least. With holiday celebrations looking so different for many of us, it only adds another layer of stress and emotion. Now more than ever it's time to put your mental health at the top of the list. Here are some tips for how to boost your mood in the weeks ahead. Create a Routine: Having a routine creates a sense of control and calmness when you know what to expect day to day. This doesn't mean every part of your day has to be scheduled. Maybe it's as simple as waking up at the same time each day and instead of binge watching your latest series go to bed on time. It's easy to let routines slip especially this time of year with the cooler weather, the shortage of daylight, and holiday hustle but routine can help minimize stress and reduce anxiety. Exercise: We all know we should exercise but the hardest part can be getting going and sticking with it. Exercise increases serotonin which helps regulate mood, sleep and appetite along with endorphins which are mood lifters too. With restrictions getting tighter again on gyms coupled with losing some of our outdoor options due changes in weather/daylight it can be hard to exercise. If you have the ability to work from home or some flexibility in your day, get out at lunch when you can maxmize the warmth of the day along with the daylight. Look to local lists or friends and see what they've been doing over the last few months and explore new options. Many gyms and fitness programs have adapted well over the last few months with their online offerings so it might be easier than you think to find something you enjoy. Reduce Stress: This has probably been one of the toughest years for stress as we've had to adapt to so much change in our lives. Stress can fuel symptoms of anxiety, sadness, frustration and depression while wreaking havoc on our health by producing the hormone cortisol. Seek ways to minimize stress each by carving out some "you time" whether its regular breaks from your screen, time to exercise or meditate, or any activites that bring you a sense of calm and happiness. Avoid Sugar Highs: It's easy to look for the small pick me-ups during the day especially when we're stressed, out of routine, and maybe surrounded by food more than we're used to. While eating simple carbs and sugar seems rewarding in the moment, this can lead to blood sugar fluctuations which can give us an initial high but then leave us tired, fatigued, and moody. Bring some health back to your meal and snack choices by eating a combination of lean protein, healthy carbs and a small amount of heart-healthy fat. This will help to keep you full, stabilize blood sugar levels, and you'll notice the change in your mood too. Take Your Omega-3s: It's not always easy to change your diet, but we all have a minute in our day to take our supplements. Omega-3s are known for their mood lifting benefits and for boosting immunity through their anti-inflammatory properties. 90% of us fall short on our omega-3 intake and since our bodies can’t make them we have to get them through our diet and supplementation. Whether its morning, noon, or night, make this one part of your routine and stick with it. Stay Hydrated: Increased caffeine and alcohol intake not only impact our mood and sleep but also our hydration status. If you've seen your intake of these stimulants on the rise make sure you are keeping yourself fully hydrated. Even a slight decline in our hydration status can make us moody and unable to concentrate along with bringing on headaches and fatigue. Keep caffeine and alcohol to a minimum and boost your intake of water and hydrating foods like fruits and vegetables. Practice Self-Care: In a time where it feels like everything is outside our control, the one thing we can control is our health. Getting the right nutrition, moving our bodies, getting rest and minimizing stress can postivitely impact our mood and immunity. Look to the positives of being home by using the time to create better habits for yourself. Find a Hobby: Now that we have a better sense of our day to day maybe its time to pick up a new hobby espescially for the winter months. Take that Master Class you've seen advertised, complete those home projects or do something with all those pictures on your computer and create some albums. Having a hobby can take your mind off things and has been shown to decrease stress and depression. Stay Positive: Be the person who spreads positivity not negativity. We all know those people who can complain about everything and maybe at times we are those people. One thing I think we all have learned this year is gratitude. Before you decide to complain about something that wasn't done right(e.g. remote learning, work, someone's post on social media) take a breath, put yourself in someone else's shoes, don't engage, and look for the positive side. Getting upset, angry or complaining is a big hit to our mental well being and undue stress. Find the balance of what works for you and don't be afraid to limit your interaction with negative people, social media, or the news. It might be just what your mental health needs. Stay Connected to Friends and Family: Probably one of the toughest parts of this pandemic has been social isolation. Feeling disconnected and not being able to see loved ones can take a toll on our mood especially around the holidays. Use Facetime and Zoom to make recipes with loved ones this holiday season, write letters, send holiday cards or pick up the phone and check in on loved ones, especially those living alone. You'll find it not only lifts their spirits but yours too.
Holiday Tips for Healthy Eating
The holidays will look different for the majority of us this year. Besides not having the same size gatherings this might be the first year you forego the traditional foods for takeout or decide to roll your sleeves up and make the meals yourself from soup to nuts. No matter where this season finds you, here are few tips to get you to the New Year feeling like you have more control and a greater ability to navigate whatever the holiday season throws your way. Simple Tips To Navigate Holiday Eating Make What You Enjoy: Since this year doesn’t entail larger affairs maybe scale back a bit on the menu and decide to make or bring the things you truly enjoy most and skip the rest. It’s also okay to taste things without finishing them so you feel like you enjoyed without going overboard. Remember not to skip meals throughout the day in order to “save up” for calories later. That usually is a recipe for eating in excess. Balance Your Macros: When plating your meal make sure you have a combination of lean protein, healthy carbs, and good fat so you keep hunger and your hormones under control. Think about dividing your plate in 3rds with 1/3 lean protein, 2/3rds carbohydrates and a dash of fat. Remember to keep starchy carbs to small/condiment sized portions. Control Your Portions: It’s easy to say you won’t eat sweets or have an alcoholic beverage, but then when you’re confronted with it lose all willpower. You can still eat and keep the pounds off with the simple strategy of portion control. Eat reasonably small portions, limit the foods you know you should limit, and don't stuff yourself. Know Your Triggers: Each of us has our "trigger" foods, those foods we just can't seem to control our intake of. They taste so good but make us feel guilty, tired, low energy, and wanting more. Keeping their intake to one or two events versus repeatedly throughout the season allows for a balance between moderation and overindulgence. Get Your Rest and Stay Hydrated: Not getting enough sleep and letting the stress and anxiety of our worlds get the best of us can leave us tired and fatigued. Often times we replace water with caffeine to stay awake but this makes us mildly dehydrated and thinking we want food when in actuality we're just tired and thirsty. Make sure to get your rest and if you can’t do what you can to stay hydrated. Keeping hydrated especially before meals can significantly curb how much food we consume at that meal! A slice of orange, lemon or lime will seem refreshing and flavorful; flavored non-caloric seltzers accomplish the same thing while keeping cravings in check. Get Moving: No matter what activity looks like for you these days, get it in. It could be a simple walk or logging into your gym online to keep up with your healthy routines. Exercise can be just the thing to increase your energy, reduce stress, and get your blood flowing. By being active in the morning, you'll improve your insulin sensitivity, making your body more ready to handle the calories during the day and also eliminate some of the holiday stress. Be Present: Since our get togethers will be small, take the time to really enjoy those you are able to be with. Enjoy the conversations, be present, and savor not only the company but the food you eat. Eat slow, put your fork down between bites, and taste each mouthful. This is one of the easiest ways to enjoy your meal and feel satisfied with one plate full of food without going back for more. Choosing fruits, vegetables, broth-based soups, salads, and other foods with lots of water and fermentable fiber can add to that feeling of fullness too. You may also like: 6 Things That Lead to a Fluctuating Scale During the Holidays
Maqui: Learn Why This Berry Is The Best Of The Best
The real secret of nutrition is understanding how the food we eat is transformed into complex signaling molecules that keep us alive. Dietary amino acids and fatty acids can be converted into hormones (such as insulin and resolvins) that control our bodies with precision. Likewise, polyphenols are also part of such signaling systems. In particular, they activate the genetic master switch of metabolism known as AMPK that controls how we generate energy and regulate our metabolism by turning it on and off at the cellular level. If you want to maintain wellness, you have to optimize your Resolution Response, as I describe in my newest book, The Resolution Zone. A critical step in that optimization is the activation AMPK, the genetic master switch for your metabolism. Polyphenols give you the dietary tools to do this—the reason why is shown in the following figure. There are more than 8,000 known polyphenols, but not all have the same ability to activate AMPK. The reason is that it depends on several factors, including concentration, structure, water-solubility, and degree of polymerization. Concentration Polyphenols are found in exceptionally low concentrations in fruits and vegetables; perhaps 0.2 percent by weight in fruits and about 0.1 percent by weight in vegetables. Since you need at least about 1,000 mg of polyphenols per day, it means you have to consume a lot of fruits and vegetables. How much is a lot? About ten servings per day. Not surprisingly, those individuals who consume this level of fruits and vegetables live longer. How much longer? Those that consume ten servings per day live about 30 percent longer with significantly less heart disease and cancer (1). Unfortunately, for most Americans, eating this amount of fruits and vegetables seems like Mission Impossible. Structure There are two broad classes of polyphenols—those that have a fused ring structure and those that don’t. The differences are shown below between the two general categories of polyphenols. It is only the polyphenol class known as flavonoids that have a fused ring structure that provides the appropriate three-dimensional properties to activate AMPK maximally. The other polyphenol structures are simply too floppy in three-dimensional space to do an excellent job of activating AMPK. This structure deficiency is especially true of resveratrol, which is part of the stilbene family of polyphenols. Even within the class of the fused-ring polyphenols (i.e., flavonoids), there are a lot of variations, as shown below. If you look closely at this figure, you will see that flavanols look somewhat similar to anthocyanins. Chocolate is rich in flavanols, whereas berries are rich in anthocyanins. But there is a big difference in their water solubility between these two groups of polyphenols. Water-solubility Although flavanols and anthocyanins are somewhat similar in structure, there are significant differences in their water-solubility. This difference is because the anthocyanins have a positive charge to make them much more water-soluble. This water-solubility is critical since it has been shown that it is the increased consumption of anthocyanins that are most associated with the reduction of heart disease (2,3). The water solubility of polyphenols is critical because if they don’t get in your body, they can’t activate AMPK. And if you don’t activate AMPK, you can’t have an optimal Resolution Response. Not surprisingly, there are a lot of different structures, even within anthocyanins, as shown below: In addition to having a positive charge, the more hydroxyl groups (-OH) on an anthocyanin molecule only further increases its water-solubility. This unique structure is why the subclass of anthocyanins, known as delphinidins, has the highest water-solubility of all anthocyanins. Although colorful berries are the richest source of anthocyanins, not all berries are good sources of delphinidins. As an example, strawberries are rich in anthocyanins, but they contain no delphinidins. Raspberries have a minimal amount of delphinidins, but not nearly as much as blueberries. However, even within the blueberry family there are significant variations. Bilberries (grown in northern Europe) have six times more delphinidins than blueberries (grown in North America). However, the maqui berry (grown in southern Chile) has 14 times the concentration of delphinidins compared to blueberries. However, there is another problem to overcome; the degree of polymerization of the delphinidins within these natural sources. Polymerization Most natural sources that contain delphinidins are composed of polymers. Polymers can’t be directly absorbed into the bloodstream. As a result, they continue to the colon where the gut bacteria metabolize them to shorter fragments that no longer contain the critical fused-ring structure. To get a maximum benefit for activating AMPK, you need the fused ring structure to provide the proper three-dimensional structure. Extracts Even for the maqui berry, the absolute levels of delphinidins as monomers in the fruit are still relatively low. This concentration problem can be circumvented by making extracts of the maqui berry using extensive purification, including column chromatography, to get a highly concentrated extract of delphinidin monomers. This purified maqui berry extract is what we use to make MaquiRx. For comparison, you would need to consume 4.5 kg of raspberries to get the same absolute levels of delphinidins as one capsule of MaquiRx. Alternatively, you could drink 50 glasses of red wine. Even though 200 grams of blueberries may have the same absolute levels of delphinidins as one capsule of MaquiRx, most of those delphinidins in blueberries are polymers that will not be directly absorbed into the body. On the other hand, the purified delphinidin monomers found in MaquiRx are directly absorbed into the blood (4). Summary It is easy to be confused about which 8,000 polyphenols will help you live longer. If you are looking for the best of the best of those 8,000 polyphenols, then your choice becomes much less complicated using MaquiRx as your primary polyphenol supplement. MaquiRx is the only polyphenol supplement that meets the criteria of concentration, structure, water-solubility, and degree of polymerization that you need to activate AMPK. Supplementing your diet with MaquiRx doesn’t mean you ignore the continuing need to consume up to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables per day, as suggested by following the Zone Diet because they are crucial for gut health as well as blood sugar and appetite control. The combination of these two dietary strategies (following the Zone Diet supplemented with MaquiRx) provides a pretty good pathway for a longer and better life. References Aune D et al. “Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality-a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.” Int J Epidemiol 46:1 029-1056 (2017) Kimble R et al. “Dietary intake of anthocyanins and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.” Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 59: 3032-3043 (2019) Cassidy A et al. “High anthocyanin intake is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged women.” Circulation 127:1 88-196 (2013) Schon C et al. “Bioavailability study of maqui berry extract in healthy subjects.” Nutrients 10(11):1720 (2018)
Weight Loss: The Real Reason You Should Want to Lose Weight
We continually hear about the health reasons why you should lose weight. But what are the molecular reasons? Now we have a clue; increased production of resolvins. Resolvins are a group of molecules derived from omega-3 fatty acids that help resolve inflammation. In a recent paper, it was demonstrated that losing a moderate amount of weight (about 11 pounds in 12 weeks) resulted in a dramatic increase in certain resolvins (1). As I discuss in my newest book, The Resolution Zone, resolvins are among the key players in the body’s internal Resolution Response that allows you to heal from inflammatory damage, especially diet-induced inflammation (2). Not all resolvins increased in that study. The only resolvin that increased was RvE1, which increased by 600 percent! This increase is critical since RvE1 promotes increased bone formation, decreased atherosclerosis, decreased diabetes, decreased neurological problems, and improved tumor clearance in animal models (3-9). The same benefits are also observed in humans who lose weight, suggesting that increased production of RvE1 may be a primary reason for the clinical benefits of weight loss. What is the best way to lose weight and keep it off to gain all of these benefits of increased RvE1 production? It remains the Zone diet (10). Here are the basic rules for permanent weight loss by following the Zone diet. Zone Diet Rules #1. You have to reduce calories The only way to lose weight by the diet is to reduce calories. There is no mystical new way. Ketogenic diets have no “metabolic advantage” compared to the Zone diet (11), and intermittent fasting is no better than continuous calorie restriction (12,13). A calorie is a calorie. That is why calorie restriction is the foundation of the Zone diet. However, the secret is to reduce calories without hunger or fatigue, which leads to the next rules for following the Zone diet. #2 Consume adequate protein at each meal You will need at least 25 grams of protein at every meal to induce hormonal signals (such as PYY and GLP-1) that come from the gut and go directly to your brain to stop hunger. #3 Hormonal control in the blood is key The level of protein at each meal must be balanced by the appropriate glycemic load. This achieves a stable balance of insulin and glucagon in the blood after each meal to stabilize blood sugar levels. The balance of these opposing hormones stabilizes blood glucose levels to prevent hunger and mental fatigue for the next four to five hours. Consistent blood sugar control comes from maintaining the appropriate protein-to-glycemic-load at each meal, which is another critical feature of the Zone diet. #4 Reduce the glycemic load by eating primarily non-starchy vegetables as your carbohydrates The easiest way to reduce the glycemic load is to increase your intake of non-starchy vegetables while moderating fruits and significantly reducing your consumption of grains and starches. The reason is that non-starchy vegetables have the highest amount of fermentable fiber with the least amount of carbohydrates. Fermentable fiber is used by the microbes in your gut to generate the formation of short-chain fatty acids that enhance the satiety effects of PYY and GLP-1. #5 Dramatically reduce your intake of saturated and omega-6 fatty acids The Zone diet is a diet that is low in total fat. However, the fat it contains is rich in monounsaturated fats (which are non-inflammatory) and highly restricted in saturated fats and omega-6 fats (which are pro-inflammatory). Zone Diet Tips Here are some simple dietary tricks to get started and make compliance easier. #1. Eat your protein first before you consume your carbohydrates It takes more time for protein to enter the blood than does carbohydrates. By eating your protein at a meal first you will achieve a better hormonal balance (14,15). #2 Calorie density per meal is important Consuming too many calories, even if they are perfectly balanced, can cause inflammation in the hypothalamus, which disrupts the appetite control center in the brain (16). The Zone diet recommends about 400 calories per meal to prevent such hypothalamic inflammation caused by consuming too many calories in a meal. #3 Time restriction for eating should be based on your circadian rhythms, not your watch. A recent study indicates that the more calories consumed at night induced more fat accumulation compared to the same number of calories consumed during daylight hours (17). Furthermore, the same study demonstrated the importance of eating breakfast to be in alignment with the circadian regulation of your metabolic pathways. This spreading of your calorie intake to be in alignment with circadian rhythms also relates to calorie density. The more you restrict your feeding duration, the higher the calorie density during that shortened eating period, and thus the higher likelihood of hypothalamic inflammation (16). A good rule to follow is to eat within one hour after waking up and stop eating no later than 12 hours after waking up. This timing might be considered to be a “12-12” feeding cycle to minimize fat accumulation and prevent hypothalamic inflammation since you are reducing the calorie density through your eating window. Summary Many of the clinical benefits of weight loss may be attributed to increased resolvin production. The most clinically-validated way to achieve and maintain weight loss is the Zone diet as long as you follow the rules. Of course, if you follow the Zone diet to reduce inflammation, you also want to take omega-3 fatty acids to resolve inflammation and add adequate levels of polyphenols to repair the damage caused by inflammation. The combination of the Zone Diet coupled with high-purity omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenol supplementation is what I term Pro-Resolution Nutrition. Pro-Resolution Nutrition is also the best way to optimize your healthspan (2). References Barden A et al. “Effect of weight loss on neutrophil resolvins in the metabolic syndrome.” Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids 148 25-29- (2019) Sears B. The Resolution Zone. Zone Press. Palm City, FL (2019) El Kholy K et al. “Resolvin E1 promotes bone preservation under inflammatory conditions.” Front Immunol 9: 1300 (2018) Sima C et al. “Function of pro-resolving lipid mediator resolvin E1 in type 2 diabetes. Crit Rev Immunol 38: 343-365 (2018) Sulciner ML et al. “Resolvins suppress tumor growth and enhance cancer therapy. J Exp Med 215: 115-140 (2018) Carracedo M et al. “The resolution of inflammation through omega-3 fatty acids in atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and vascular calcification.” Semin Immunopathol 41: 757-766 (2019) Siddiquee A et al. Effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on resolvin (RvE1)-mediated suppression of inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 41: 250-257 (2019) Freire MO et al. “Neutrophil resolvin E1 receptor expression and function in type 2 diabetes.” J Immunol 198: 718-728 (2017) Hasturk H et al. “Resolvin E1 (RvE1) attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation in diet and inflammation-induced atherogenesis.” Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 35: 1123-33 (2015) Sears B. The Zone. Regan Books. New York, NY (1995) Johnston CS et al. “Ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate diets.” Am J Clin Nutr 83: 1055-61 (2006) Trepanowski JF et al. “Effect of alternate-day fasting on weight loss, weight maintenance, and cardioprotection among metabolically healthy obese adults.” JAMA Intern Med 177: 930-938 (2017) Schubel R et al. “Effects of intermittent and continuous calorie restriction on body weight and metabolism over 50 wk: a randomized controlled trial.” Am J Clin Nutr 108: 933-945 (2018) Shukla AP et al. “Food order has a significant impact on postprandial glucose and insulin levels.” Diabetes Care 38: e98–e99 (2015) Shukla AP et al. “Carbohydrate-last meal pattern lowers postprandial glucose and insulin excursions in type 2 diabetes.” BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 5: e000440 (2017) Cai D. “Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in overnutrition-induced diseases.”Trends Endocrinol Metab 24: 40–47 (2013) Kelly KP et al. “Eating breakfast and avoiding late-evening snacking sustains lipid oxidation.” PLoS Biol 18: e3000622 (2020)
-
Ketogenic Diets and Aging
Oct 03, 24
-
Tofu: Tips and Recipes Ideas
Oct 03, 24
-
Dr. Sears Q&A: Weight Loss
Oct 03, 24
