Seasonal Spices and Their Health Benefits
When we think about spices this time of year, we think of those that create warmth and provide comfort. Anise, allspice, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, ginger, and nutmeg are popular spices in the fall and winter. They are interwoven into the season for the warmth they create but can be used year-round. Spices have been used for centuries for their medicinal purposes, and as flavoring agents and to preserve food. While including spices in your meals is a great way to enhance flavor, it significantly increases their healthfulness since they are a rich source of polyphenols and antioxidants. Here we break down each of these spices, tell a little about their health benefits and give you a few ideas on foods they pair well with. Anise: Anise comes in different varieties; seed, fennel, and star. It is known for its licorice flavor that comes from a compound call anethole. Anethole is found naturally in high concentrations in the oils of anise and is used in a variety of medicines and pharmaceuticals (1). Anise pairs well with fish and stews. Star anise is one of the main ingredients in Chinese 5 spice powder and Chinese cuisine (2). Allspice: Allspice is derived from the dried berries of the Caribbean tropical tree, Pimenta dioica. It is used in Central American cuisines (i.e. think jerk dishes in Jamaican cuisine) for seasoning meat and desserts. It is rich in polyphenols known for their anti-bacterial, anti-hypotensive, anti-neuralgic, and analgesic properties and studies in animals show some of the compounds it contains may offer protection against tumor growth (3,4). Cardamom (Green): Cardamom is a part of the same family as ginger and is made from the seeds of different plants. Studies have shown it plays a role in oxidative stress by enhancing anti-inflammatory enzymes. Its benefits are diverse in that it’s been linked to improvements in blood sugar and lipid markers (5), gastrointestinal health as well as a potential role in chemoprevention (6). It has a sweet and pungent taste and pairs well with chicken and lamb and is used in Indian and Middle Eastern cuisine. Cinnamon: Cinnamon comes from the inner bark of several trees. While it's popular for its role in many foods as a flavoring agent and condiment, it is well known in the literature for lowering blood sugar levels (6). Cinnamon pairs well with many spices, apples, cocoa, breakfast and brunch options and can be found in Indian, Mexican, Moroccan and Middle Eastern cuisine. Cloves: Cloves have one of the highest polyphenol counts clocking in at 16047.50 mg/100 g. It has antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties which are largely attributed to its high polyphenols and unique oils. When it comes to food they pair well with baked ham and pork and work well with many other spices too. Ginger: Ginger is a root derived from the Ginger plant, a member of the turmeric family. It is thought to have originated in India. It is used in foods for its hot, fragrant spice but also is popular in medicine (1). Studies have shown its role in combating nausea, minimizing inflammation, managing blood lipids, aiding in tumor suppression and growth, and as anti-bacterial agent, too. Nutmeg: Nutmeg and mace are relatives in that they come from different parts of the same tree. They are derived from an evergreen tree indigenous to the Spice Islands in Indonesia (1). Nutmeg leans a bit sweeter in taste and while there are many foods it can be used with it pairs well with cheese/cheese dishes, cream, milk and spinach. This is one of the primary spices you’ll find in Eggnog during the holiday season (2). A little goes a long way when it comes to flavor. Favorite Fall and Winter Spices Did you know that your favorite seasonal spices can easily be made at home as they are just combinations of the spices above? Gingerbread Spice: Ginger, Cinnamon, Nutmeg, Cloves, and Allspice Pumpkin Pie Spice: Cinnamon, Ginger, Nutmeg, and Cloves Apple Pie Spice: Cinnamon, Ginger, Nutmeg, and Cardamom Why Dr. Sears Like Using Spices The best raw fruits (primarily berries) contain about 0.1 % of weight as polyphenols, raw vegetables about 0.2%. Dried spices are about 5% of their weight as polyphenols. This why they are so bitter. The ultimate benefit of polyphenosl is to activate AMPK which in turn inhibits Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB). This reduces cytokine formation. Most polyphenols are totally water-insoluble and therefore can't be absorbed. However, they can be metabolized by bacteria in the colon to smaller fragments containing phenolic structures that can be absorbed. This is why we recommend consuming various sources of polyphenols during the day; fruits, vegetables, spices and also maqui berry. The beauty of maqui berry polyphenols is they are directly absorbed by the body to have maximal impact on activation of AMPK. Tips For Incorporating into Your Foods We tend to be creatures of habit with our meal prep, but spices have a way of elevating the taste of anything we make to have it feel new and different. To avoid over-powering your dishes start adding a sprinkle or pinch first and then add small amounts as needed. Here are a few ways to add them into your day. Add them into your roasted vegetable mixes and stir-fries Rub on top of your meats for cooking or use them in your marinades Mix into yogurt and oatmeal Add into sour cream, plain yogurt and hummus for dipping vegetables and fruit Sprinkle them on top of your coffee grounds or into your tea before brewing Add into your sauces, soups, and stews Incorporate into salads and salad dressings You May Also Like: Herbs and Spice - What to Know References Rosa Vázquez-Fresno, Albert Remus R. Rosana, Tanvir Sajed, Tuviere Onookome-Okome, Noah A. Wishart, David S. Wishart. Herbs and Spices- Biomarkers of Intake Based on Human Intervention Studies – A Systematic Review. Genes Nutr. 2019; 14: 18 Page, K. Dornenburg, A. 2008. The Flavor Bible: The Essential Guide to Culinary Creativity, Based on the Wisdom of America's Most Imaginative Chefs Hardcover. Little Brown and Company. Lei Zhang, Bal L. Lokeshwar. Medicinal Properties of the Jamaican Pepper Plant Pimenta dioica and Allspice. Curr Drug Targets. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 Jan 14. Lei Zhang, Nagarajarao Shamaladevi, Guddadarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha, Bhimu S. Patil, Bal L. Lokeshwar. Polyphenol-rich extract of Pimenta dioica berries (Allspice) kills breast cancer cells by autophagy and delays growth of triple negative breast cancer in athymic mice. Oncotarget. 2015 Jun 30; 6(18): 16379–16395 Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Qorbani M, Mansouri S, Alavian SM, Badri-Fariman M, Jazayeri-Tehrani SA, Sotoudeh G. Green cardamom supplementation improves serum irisin, glucose indices, and lipid profiles in overweight or obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Mar 12;19(1):59. Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, Varsha Rana, Dey Parama, Kishore Banik, Sosmitha Girisa, Sahu Henamayee, Krishan Kumar Thakur, Uma Dutta, Prachi Garodia, Subash C. Gupta, Bharat B. Aggarwal. COVID-19, cytokines, inflammation, and spices: How are they related? Life Sci. 2021 Nov 1; 284: 119201.
Tips To Reduce Pesticides In Your Produce
Eating fruits and vegetables, whether organic or conventional, far outweighs the risks of the pesticides they may contain. That said many of us still want to minimize our intake when possible. Even if you don’t have the luxury of buying organic foods there are things you can do at home to help reduce your intake of pesticides in the produce you purchase. Tips to Reduce Your Intake of Pesticides From That National Pesticide Information Center1 To avoid exposure to a single pesticide make sure to include a variety of fruits and vegetables in your diet. Thoroughly wash all produce whether it has a peel or is labeled organic. To avoid pesticides sticking to produce, wash under running water instead or soaking or dunking it. Air or spin produce dry or wipe with a paper towel or clean cloth towel when possible. Scrub firm fruits and vegetables like melons and root vegetables Remove the outer layer of leafy vegetables, such as lettuce or cabbage. Peel fruits and vegetables when possible. To avoid residues that might accumulate in the fat of animal protein, trim fat and skin from meat, poultry, and fish. If intake of fruits and vegetables is low, consider supplementing with purified polyphenol extracts that have minimal pesticides. Ranking of Pesticides in Fruits and Vegetables2 The Environmental Working Group is an organization that has created a ranking system of fruits and vegetables based on their likelihood of being contaminated with the highest levels of pesticides. The ranking is established after the fruits and vegetables have been washed or peeled. The top offenders include those that have soft skins because they are more likely to absorb pesticides, which they term the “Dirty Dozen”. If you already purchase some organic produce or are thinking about making the switch, buying organic based on the Dirty Dozen list might be a good place to start. Here is the 2021 list. This year’s "Dirty Dozen" includes: Strawberries Spinach Kale, collard and mustard greens Nectarines Apples Grapes Cherries Peaches Pears Bell and hot Peppers Celery Tomatoes The good news is that there are a good number of non-organic fruits and vegetables without high levels of pesticides. Since many fruits and vegetables have peels, they offer a higher level of protection, which have been dubbed the “Clean 15” since they have little to no pesticides. This year's "Clean 15" includes: Avocados Sweet corn* Pineapple Onions Papaya* Sweet peas (frozen) Eggplant Asparagus Broccoli Cabbage Kiwi Cauliflower Mushrooms Honeydew melon Cantaloupe Click Here to Download Your Easy Produce Shopping Guide References: Shoppers Guide to Pesticides and Produce. https://www.ewg.org/foodnews/full-list.php. Accessed: August 27, 2021. Minimizing Pesticide Residues in Food. Available at: http://npic.orst.edu/health/foodprac.html. Accessed: August 27, 2021.
Packing For A Day On The Go
There are so many things that can stand in the way of good health, but often the difference between failure and success is whether you plan ahead. If you have a full day of meetings on the road, are taking a weekend road trip, or doing a beach day, here are ideas of what you can bring while staying in the Zone. Now if a meeting runs over, there are no healthy options along the way, or the lines are too long to stop, you have everything you need on hand. Protein Ideas Greek Yogurt: Easy to bring on the go if you have ice packs. Some individual containers have up to 20 grams of protein per serving. Jerky: There are so many varieties and high-quality brands out there. They are a bit higher in sodium and some have sugar so do pay attention to labels and portions. String Cheese: Easy on-the-go choice and having them pre-packaged keeps portion in check. Couple with a piece of fruit and you have the ideal zone snack. Hard-Boiled Egg Whites: Eggs are considered a high biological value food, meaning they contain all the essential amino acids your body needs. To reduce the saturated fat in the yolk, swap it out with healthier fats like hummus or guacamole for an easy snack. Just don’t pack and forget about them please! Chicken or Tuna Salad: Left-over chicken or canned tuna makes for a great protein choice. Swap the mayo for Greek Yogurt to make a healthier alternative. Deli Rollups: Wrap lean deli meat in romaine lettuce leaves for an added crunch without the added carbs of bread. Edamame in Pods: These can be found in the freezer section. Place in a baggie in the morning and pending when you eat they’ll be thawed while helping to keep some of your other things on the cooler side. A ½ cup of pods supplies 10 grams of protein, 4 grams of net carbs, and 3.5 grams of fat. A little low on the carbs but pretty close to being Zoned. Healthy Carbs Veggie Sticks: Cut up cucumbers, peppers, radishes, and cherry tomatoes make for a filling snack plus they can be hydrating too. Make them even yummier with a side of dip, hummus, or guacamole. Fruit: Aim for fruits that travel well like Clementines, oranges, apples, or pears. Homemade Chickpeas: If you need a crunchy snack roasted chickpeas are it. Simply drain and rinse the chickpeas, pat dry, lay on a sheet pan, and drizzle with olive oil and seasonings of your choosing. Bake at 425 for 30 minutes (turning halfway through to ensure they don’t burn). Low Carb Tortillas: These are a better alternative to bread just make sure to read the carb amounts on the label. Fat Hummus: There are so many varieties of hummus available which makes it great as a dipping option for veggies on the go. Some also come in convenient single-serve packs which is a great way to bring it while keeping portions in check and avoiding waste. Again just pay attention to portoins as one single-serve might be your whole fat requirement for a meal. Guacamole: Guacamole is rich in heart-healthy fat making them a great option for dipping or spreading. Look for the guacamole minis but keep an eye on the amount of fat in a serving. Nuts: There are so many flavors and varieties in the marketplace now. Try and keep it simple by looking for ones that have just a couple ingredients on the Nutrition Facts Panel. Beware of portions as even a small bag can be up to 3 servings and that is easy to consume in one sitting or on a long drive. Seeds: Pumpkin and sunflower seeds are a moderately good choice and they do contain some protein. Use in moderation as they are high in omega-6 fats (more pro-inflammatory). Plus, they can easily rack up the calorie count of your meal. Combo Foods: If you don't have time to calculate just remember to have your meals and snacks on the go be a blend of protein, healthy carbs, and fat. The following are just an idea of a few pairings. Put them in a mason jar and bring them on the go for an easy meal. Greek Yogurt and Berries topped with a little Zone Cereal Mixed Greens, Tomatoes, Basil, Mozzarella Balls, Precooked Chicken with Vinaigrette Overnight Steel Cuts Oats with Berries and Protein Powder ZoneRx Shakes: 1 scoop of powder with 10-12 ounces of lactose-free milk and mix. A great on-the-go option with the right balance of macros, and no need to think. Zone Protein Bites- An easy and delicious make-ahead snack! Click here to view the recipe. These are just some simple tips to keep you in the Zone all day long! Let us know which ones are your favorites or how you plan ahead for a day on the go in the comments below.
Burn Fat Faster
Now that the Covid-19 epidemic seems to be slowing down, we must contend with the other epidemic that shows no signs of abating. That is our obesity epidemic. If you have excess body fat, you are already inflamed. That excess adipose tissue is the staging area for ongoing inflammatory attacks on every organ in the body. It is also the first sign that your metabolism is becoming dysfunctional, thus reducing your ability to burn excess stored fat for energy. Metabolism is defined as those complex processes that take place in your body to keep you alive. Metabolism allows you to breathe, digest food, circulate blood, keep the brain working, fight infections, and so on. All these processes require massive amounts of ATP. The “traffic cop” that controls your ability to convert stored body fat into ATP is called AMPK. AMPK can be considered the “master switch” of metabolism. If AMPK is optimized, you can burn stored body fat faster to make greater amounts of ATP. Conversely, if AMPK is inhibited, you accumulate incoming calories as excess body fat. Losing excess body fat is a challenge but keeping the excess body fat from returning is even more difficult because your metabolism slows down after losing any bodyweight. The good news is that AMPK activity is under robust dietary control. The best way to optimize AMPK activity is following the Zone Pro-Resolution Nutrition program. By following the anti-inflammatory Zone diet, you can constantly activate your AMPK while reducing calorie intake without hunger or fatigue. Adding omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols as dietary supplements will also increase AMPK activity through different pathways. Although any one of these three nutritional interventions is good, when you combine all three, they are synergistic, as I describe in my latest book, The Resolution Zone. On the other hand, AMPK activity is inhibited by consuming either excess dietary calories or excess glucose. If you inhibit AMPK, then incoming calories easily get converted and stored at excess body fat. Activating AMPK is the biological key that allows you to burn fat faster and prevent its return. It’s also totally under your dietary control. Once you master these basic dietary concepts of the Zone Pro-Resolution Nutrition program, burning fat faster becomes a lifetime reality that leads to a longer and better life. Additional benefits from activating AMPK will be slowing down your rate of aging and improving the efficiency of your immune system. This is the real reason why you want to be in the Zone.
Meal Planning Benefits
There are two types of people, those who know what they’re eating for their next meal and those who figure it out the hour before. Where do you fall? If you tend to wing your weeknight meals, the thought of meal planning can seem daunting. Finding time to sit down and write out your menu for the week, making a list, shopping for ingredients, and then the actual meal prep can seem like a lot. The reality is that all this upfront planning actually saves you time and money, helps with weight control, and is good for your health. Here’s why. The Benefits of Meal Planning 1) Saves You Time and Money: When you go to the store without a plan you spend more money. The reason is you are more likely to overbuy which leads to food waste. How many times have you done the refrigerator cleanout before trash night and the wilted produce, the questionable meat, and the leftovers all end up in the trash? Did you know that the average household wastes almost 32% of its food each year? 1 That is a substantial amount of your income! Meal planning can also save you time and money by helping you avoid takeout when you're time-crunched or those trips to the store for missing ingredients where you end up spending more on things you don’t need. 2) Helps with Weight Control: It is well established that making your own meals helps with weight control. A recent study showed participants in a 40-week Weight Loss Program who frequently planned their meals lost more weight than those who did not2. Another study showed women who meal plan are less likely to be overweight and men and women who plan are less likely to be obese3. Meal planning gives you greater control over the ingredients you use and their healthfulness. Unlike eating out, when you eat at home you have a better sense of your portions and how much you consume. Where eating out often comes with extra sugar, sodium, and fat, when you cook at home there are no hidden ingredients. 3) Makes You More Successful with Your Health Goals: With any goal having a plan makes you more likely to stick with it and succeed. Meal planning goes beyond weeknight meals to include being prepared for those times you might get tripped up. If a meeting goes late, sports go into the evening, or you get stuck on a call, having healthy foods prepped in the fridge, in your purse, or at your desk ensures you have what you need to succeed. Meal planning is associated with a healthier and more varied diet3. 4) Reduces Stress: Meal time can feel stressful and not knowing what you have on hand, especially if you have people in your household that rely on you for meals, can put the pressure on. Planning ahead reduces stress and then when the questions start to roll in about what’s for dinner, you can say what you are having with confidence and start delegating on how everyone can help. Want to start meal planning but not sure where to begin? Download our free 7 Day Zone Meal Planner and get started today. References The Shocking Amount Of Food U.S. Households Waste Every Year. Available at : https://www.forbes.com/sites/lanabandoim/2020/01/26/the-shocking-amount-of-food-us-households-waste-every-year/?sh=6e5c70dc7dc8. Accessed: June 1, 2021. Hayes JF, et al. Greater Average Meal Planning Frequency Predicts Greater Weight Loss Outcomes in a Worksite-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Program. Ann Behav Med. 2021. PMID: 32301494 Ducrot P, Méjean C, Aroumougame V, Ibanez G, Allès B, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S, Péneau S. Meal planning is associated with food variety, diet quality and body weight status in a large sample of French adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017 Feb 2;14(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-04617.
Zone Diet: Everything You Need to Know
Starting a new eating plan or trying to reign in poor eating habits can feel daunting. The beauty of the Zone Diet is whether you are starting, need a diet refresh, or want more convenience, we have you covered. Get a sense of what the diet is all about with our macro guide. This will tell you the types of proteins, carbohydrates and fats that are ideal in the Zone. Want to know exactly what you can have and how much? Try the food block method or counting macros. Both approaches give you the tools to know how to eat in the Zone while teaching you how to incorporate all your favorite foods too. If fast and convenient is your speed, Zone Foods take the thinking out and make meal prep easy. See what method works for you. Pick What Works For You No matter which approach you choose to get you to the Zone you'll always end up in the same place. It really comes down to how much time you want to spend and how precise you want to be. A perfectly balanced Zone meal should control hunger and fatigue for 4-5 hours. The Macro Guide Committing to an eating plan can be overwhelming at first. Why not see if you like the foods and how you can adapt it to what you are already eating. Our macro guide gives you a brief tutorial on the Zone Diet along with a list of the protein, carbohydrate and fat choices that are most ideal in the Zone. Hand-Eye Method The hand-eye method becomes very helpful when you're at a buffet, eating in restaurants, having a catered work lunch, or going to a get-together with friends. All you do is simply divide your plate into three equal sections. On one-third of the plate, you put low-fat protein about the size and thickness of the palm of your hand. The other two-thirds should be filled with colorful carbohydrates, primarily non-starchy vegetables with limited fruits. Finally add a drizzle/dash of monounsaturated fat (olive oil, nuts, avocado) to complete the meal. Counting Macronutrients Using an app to log your foods already? No problem! Fitness apps like myfitnesspal or Lose-It allow you to plug in your macros for a meal or the whole day. This is a great option if you don't want to spend too much time calculating. It allows you to use food labels or tally the totals from each meal to gauge whether you’re in the Zone. If you are calculating total calories as a percent, aim for about 40% of calories from carbohydrates (non-starchy is most ideal), 30% from lean protein, and 30% from heart-healthy monounsaturated fat. Each meal is about 350-400 calories, at least 25 grams of lean protein, less than 12 grams of heart-healthy fat, and about 35 grams of net carbs (total carbohydrate minus fiber). The carbohydrates you choose should come primarily from low-glycemic choices like those in non-starchy vegetables. Zone Food Blocks If you are someone who likes to be as precise as possible, an athlete, or have a defined health goal, counting your macros (protein, carbs and fat) with Zone Food Blocks is the most precise way to get to the Zone. This even gives you an idea of how to fit the occasional indulgence in so you can still stay on plan and not overdo it. If you haven’t already done so, enter your measurements into our Body Fat Calculator. Your results from the Body Fat Calculator will include how many Zone Blocks you should consume. Our Food Block Guide will help you assemble meals and snacks that fit your lifestyle. Zone Foods Zone Foods were designed for those looking for easy ways to get to the Zone with minimal effort. Each Zone food has the balance you’ve come to expect from Zone plus they’re convenient, nutritious, easy to prepare, and taste great Other Helpful Tools: 7 Day Zone Diet Meal Plan How do you Zone? Let us know in the comments below!
Olive Oil Benefits
Olive oil has been prized for thousands of years for its health benefits. As to why remains a more open question. As a source of polyphenols, extra virgin olive oil is relatively low compared to berries and other sources of polyphenols like unrefined cocoa powder, as shown below: Polyphenol source amount per 100 g increase in polyphenols compared to olive oil. The numbers above indicate that when comparing the identical weights of various food sources, berries contain four to ten times more polyphenols than extra virgin olive oil. Unrefined cocoa powder contains more than 100 times the polyphenol levels compared to the same weight of olive oil. So, maybe it is not the polyphenol content that counts for the touted health benefits of extra virgin olive. If not, then what else might be in extra virgin olive oil? I believe the answer is the unique anti-inflammatory phenols contained in extra virgin olive oil. A little terminology is always helpful. A polyphenol is defined as containing two or more phenyl groups in a molecule. A phenolic compound has only one. Furthermore, most polyphenols are composed of polymers that are not absorbed, whereas a phenolic compound contains only monomers easily absorbed. There is nothing magical about a phenol group per se since benzene has a single phenyl group, and no one touts the health benefits of consuming benzene. It is the structure of the phenolic compounds that make extra virgin olive oil so unique. Here they are shown below: The first two compounds are tyrosol and hydroxy-tyrosol which are potent anti-oxidative compounds (1,2). The third structure is oleocanthal which has anti-inflammatory properties (3). To be correctly termed as a polyphenol means the compound must contain at least two phenyl groups, and none of the active compounds in extra virgin olive oil meets that criteria. For comparison, I have enclosed the structure of a true polyphenol with three phenyl groups. This specific polyphenol (a delphinidin) is found in blueberries, maqui berries, red wine, and black beans. Unfortunately, most of the delphinidins and other polyphenols found in fruits and vegetables are in the form of polymers. As a result they are poorly absorbed into the blood. It is only chromatographically purified extracts of the maqui berry that you will find delphinidins as monomers. That is why the polyphenols found in purified maqui extract are highly bioavailable, just like the phenolic compounds found in extra virgin olive oil (4). If the active ingredients don’t get into the blood, they will not do you much good. Getting back to extra virgin olive oil, what you are looking for is the levels of phenolic compounds, not the polyphenols. Most marketers of olive oils don’t have a clue what those levels are because they are challenging to analyze. We are currently doing 3rd party testing on the Zone Extra Virgin Olive Oil batch we just received from Italy and plan to post the results shortly. Even though its hard to test these compounds, one easy way to know it's a quality oil and contains phenolics is the cough test. Take about one teaspoon of extra virgin olive oil and put it on the tip of your tongue. It should taste like melted butter. The lack of any bitter taste indicates low levels of free fatty acids. Then use your tongue to flip it to the back of your throat. If it contains high levels of phenolic compounds, you will get a coughing response. The greater number of coughs you get from this test, the higher the levels of phenolic compounds. This simple test is why Italians refer to a “two-cough” extra virgin olive oil as their standard of excellence, not the total levels of polyphenols. The Zone Labs Organic Extra Virgin Olive Oil is a “two-cough” oil. References 1. Karkovic MA et al. “Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and derivatives and their potential effects on human health.” Molecules. 2019 24:2001. 2. Angeloni C et al. “Bioactivity of olive oil phenols in neuroprotection.” Int J Mol Sci. 2017 18:2230. 3. Pang KL, Chin KY. “The biological activities of oleocanthal from a molecular perspective. Nutrients. 2018 10:570. 4. Schon C et al. “Bioavailability study of maqui berry extract in healthy subjects.” Nutrients. 2018 10:1720.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Q/A Video with Dr. Sears
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), not refined olive oil, is one of the richest of all oils in terms of polyphenols. In this video Dr. Sears discusses why he considers EVOO one of the best oils out there, how it compares to other oils in the consumer marketplace, the health benefits, and how to pick a quality oil. See what he has to say.
Allulose: A Natural Sugar for Better Glycemic Control
One of the critical factors for the success of the Zone diet is improved glycemic control. This concept simply means that blood sugar levels are more stabilized from one meal to the next. The benefits are lack of hunger, better mental cognition, and reduction of inflammation. For decades, the diabetic research community has known that fructose has been the ideal simple sugar for better glycemic control. The reason is that fructose has a glycemic index that is five times lower than glucose. Consequently, this means less glucose enters the blood, and the result is better hormonal control. Part of the reason is that much of the dietary fructose never reaches the blood because bacteria metabolize it in the gut. That’s why I have always used fructose as a primary carbohydrate in Zone bars and shakes. It just makes scientific sense. Unfortunately, like politics, science is also prone to social media. In 2004, a short letter was written observing a correlation in the rise of obesity with the increase of high-fructose corn syrup (1). Keep in mind that high-fructose corn syrup is about 50 percent fructose and 50 percent glucose which is virtual identical to the composition of table sugar. Then came several popular diet books such as Fat Chance claiming our obesity epidemic is caused by fructose (2). One problem with that theory is that fruits are rich in fructose, and no one has ever advocated the stopping of fruit consumption. Another problem with that theory is that high-fructose corn syrup consumption peaked in 1999 and has declined by 40 percent since that time (3). Today the consumption of high-fructose corn syrup is below the level it was in 1990, and our obesity epidemic continues to increase. Rather than cursing the darkness of quasi-scientific misinformation, the best policy is to embrace new science. Now an alternative sweetener has come to market that might have even better glycemic properties than fructose. That’s why I am excited about allulose. Allulose is a natural sugar found in low quantities in various fruits. What is unique about allulose is that 90 percent never enters the blood and thus goes directly to the colon to improve gut health. Consequently, the FDA doesn’t consider allulose to be a sugar because it is not absorbed, but the FDA also doesn’t treat it as a fiber. It's like a “phantom” carbohydrate. However, what it does do in the gut is to increase AMPK levels (4). One of the consequences of activating AMPK is that you live longer (5). Thus, allulose can be considered an “anti-aging “sugar. Now that allulose can be produced in large amounts by biotechnology, it has been recently granted Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) status meaning it can be incorporated into food products. This opens up an entirely new potential for our next generation of Zone shakes and bars for enhanced glycemic control. For example, with the replacement of fructose by allulose in our ZoneRx shakes (currently available in Chocolate and Vanilla), the decrease in total carbohydrates now allows for the addition of extra berries to each shake to achieve a truly Zone balance. The amount of berries we recommend for better glycemic control is based on science not guessing. I recommend adding two blocks of berries (strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, or blackberries). That is also about 1 cup or about 6 oz of berries. This amount adds even more polyphenols and fermentable fiber to the final ZoneRx shake while maintaining the Zone macronutrient balance needed for optimal hormonal control. Of course, it also makes a complete meal that tastes likes a gourmet dessert in seconds. For maximum convenience, just purchase frozen berries (they have a higher nutrient quality than fresh berries) and keep enough already thawed in the refrigerator to make about two Zone shakes. As the leader in nutrition for the last 30 years, we are the first company to have shakes using allulose. Our ZoneRx bars containing allulose are under development and will be available shortly. The more science we can bring to your kitchen, the easier it becomes to retake control of your health by being in the Zone. ZoneRx Chocolate and Vanilla Shakes Now Contain Allulose References Bray GA et al. “Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity.” Am J ClinNutr 79:537-43 (2004) Lustig RH. Fat Chance. Penguin Books. New York, NY (2012) USDA Economic Research Service. “Per capita sweetener deliveries show steady downturn largely due to reduced demand for high fructose corn syrup.” Sugar and Sweetners Data (2021) Shintani T et al. “d-Allulose, a stereoisomer of d-fructose, extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan through a dietary restriction mechanism: A new candidate dietary restriction mimetic.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 493:1528-1533 (2017) Ingram DK and Roth GS. “Glycolytic inhibition: An effective strategy for developing calorie restriction mimetics.” Geroscience https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00298-7 (2020)
Milk and Dairy: Good or Bad For Health?
Since February was heart month, I thought it worthwhile to discuss the relationship between milk and heart health. Dairy milk consumption in the US has decreased by 40% since 1975, but total dairy consumption (milk, cheese, yogurt, and butter) has never been higher. As an example, cheese consumption is up by about 160% since 1975. Furthermore, while dairy milk consumption is decreasing, plant-based “milk” consumption is increasing. It started with soy milk (too beany), then coconut and almond milk (deficient in protein), followed by rice, oat, hemp, and more increasingly exotic plant-based “milk” products. Why? It beats me. Dairy milk is probably the most inexpensive, high-quality protein source (only egg whites have a higher protein quality). Milk also contains calcium, magnesium and potassium, and Vitamin D. So, what’s the problem? A recent study in the British Journal of Nutrition may help explain the controversy (1). The largest consumers of dairy products in the world are the Finnish. When they analyzed collected data over a nearly 30 year period and then made all the appropriate adjustments to the raw data, they found that fermented and non-fermented dairy products had opposite associations with the risk of developing heart disease. Those consuming fermented dairy products had a 26 percent lower risk of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), and those consuming non-fermented dairy products had a 43 percent greater risk of CHD. Furthermore, in the fermented dairy group, the lower the fat content (less than 3.5 percent fat), the less CHD they developed. When you ferment dairy products, you are removing lactose. Dairy milk is about 5 percent lactose. To make yogurt, you add bacterial cultures that break some of the lactose into glucose and galactose. The amount of lactose in yogurt is about 4 percent. When you make cheese, the process is more complicated. First, you start by adding a bacterial culture to pasteurized milk to reduce the initial lactose levels. Then you add rennet, a combination of proteases and lipases. Rennet is the dried inner lining of the fourth stomach chamber of young calves (a byproduct of veal production) to curdle the milk's casein protein. This natural form of rennet is the preferred choice for high-quality cheeses. For more mass-produced cheeses, they use enzymes derived from molds. Whatever the source of rennet, the addition of rennet makes curds leaving much of the lactose and whey protein in the solution. The milk curds are collected and then aged to either make soft cheeses (about 2% lactose) or hard cheeses (about 1% lactose). Okay, but what about the reports of associations of dairy milk consumption and increased IGF-1 levels? IGF-1 is a growth factor that might be associated with breast cancer (2). A recent observational study suggested a potential linkage between IGF-1 and breast cancer (3). However, an earlier study suggested the opposite conclusions (4). The controversy may be related to the fact that non-fermented dairy products increase IGF-1, whereas fermented dairy products don’t increase IGF-1 levels (5). Reducing cancer risk using fermented dairy products is also suggested by a recent meta-analysis (6). In this era of conflicting claims of dairy products and chronic disease, it seems your best bet is to remove as much of the lactose from dairy products that you possibly can and still retain all of the nutritional benefits found in dairy products. The best high-tech way is to make completely lactose-free milk by treating the dairy milk with the enzyme that breakdowns down the lactose into glucose and galactose. Now you have entirely lactose-free dairy milk with all the benefits of inexpensive, high-quality proteins and associated vitamins and minerals. This elimination of lactose is why all of our products either use lactose-free dairy protein or recommend using lactose-free milk in our ZoneRx shakes. To paraphrase Neville Chamberlain, it brings dietary “peace in our time” as well as better health. Let us know your stance on dairy in the comments below. References 1. Koskinen TT et al. Intake of fermented and non-fermented dairy products and the risk of incident CHD. Brit J Nutr 120:1288-1297 (2018) 2. Monson KR et al. Circulating growth factor concentrations and breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and breast cancer in a family-based cohort. Breast Cancer Res 22:109 (2020). 3. Fraser GE et al. Dairy, soy, and risk of breast cancer. Int J Epidemiology 49: 1526–1537 (2020) 4. Hjartaker A et al. Childhood and adult milk consumption and risk of premenopausal breast cancer in a cohort of 48,844 women - the Norwegian women and cancer study. Int J Cancer 93: 888–893 (2001) 5. Ventura ER et al. Association of dietary intake of milk and dairy products with blood concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in Bavarian adults. Eur J Nutr 59:1413-1420 (2020) 6. Zhang K et al. Fermented dairy foods intake and risk of cancer. Int J Cancer 144:2099-2108 (2019)
Mood Boosting Tips
This has been a year of highs and lows to say the least. With holiday celebrations looking so different for many of us, it only adds another layer of stress and emotion. Now more than ever it's time to put your mental health at the top of the list. Here are some tips for how to boost your mood in the weeks ahead. Create a Routine: Having a routine creates a sense of control and calmness when you know what to expect day to day. This doesn't mean every part of your day has to be scheduled. Maybe it's as simple as waking up at the same time each day and instead of binge watching your latest series go to bed on time. It's easy to let routines slip especially this time of year with the cooler weather, the shortage of daylight, and holiday hustle but routine can help minimize stress and reduce anxiety. Exercise: We all know we should exercise but the hardest part can be getting going and sticking with it. Exercise increases serotonin which helps regulate mood, sleep and appetite along with endorphins which are mood lifters too. With restrictions getting tighter again on gyms coupled with losing some of our outdoor options due changes in weather/daylight it can be hard to exercise. If you have the ability to work from home or some flexibility in your day, get out at lunch when you can maxmize the warmth of the day along with the daylight. Look to local lists or friends and see what they've been doing over the last few months and explore new options. Many gyms and fitness programs have adapted well over the last few months with their online offerings so it might be easier than you think to find something you enjoy. Reduce Stress: This has probably been one of the toughest years for stress as we've had to adapt to so much change in our lives. Stress can fuel symptoms of anxiety, sadness, frustration and depression while wreaking havoc on our health by producing the hormone cortisol. Seek ways to minimize stress each by carving out some "you time" whether its regular breaks from your screen, time to exercise or meditate, or any activites that bring you a sense of calm and happiness. Avoid Sugar Highs: It's easy to look for the small pick me-ups during the day especially when we're stressed, out of routine, and maybe surrounded by food more than we're used to. While eating simple carbs and sugar seems rewarding in the moment, this can lead to blood sugar fluctuations which can give us an initial high but then leave us tired, fatigued, and moody. Bring some health back to your meal and snack choices by eating a combination of lean protein, healthy carbs and a small amount of heart-healthy fat. This will help to keep you full, stabilize blood sugar levels, and you'll notice the change in your mood too. Take Your Omega-3s: It's not always easy to change your diet, but we all have a minute in our day to take our supplements. Omega-3s are known for their mood lifting benefits and for boosting immunity through their anti-inflammatory properties. 90% of us fall short on our omega-3 intake and since our bodies can’t make them we have to get them through our diet and supplementation. Whether its morning, noon, or night, make this one part of your routine and stick with it. Stay Hydrated: Increased caffeine and alcohol intake not only impact our mood and sleep but also our hydration status. If you've seen your intake of these stimulants on the rise make sure you are keeping yourself fully hydrated. Even a slight decline in our hydration status can make us moody and unable to concentrate along with bringing on headaches and fatigue. Keep caffeine and alcohol to a minimum and boost your intake of water and hydrating foods like fruits and vegetables. Practice Self-Care: In a time where it feels like everything is outside our control, the one thing we can control is our health. Getting the right nutrition, moving our bodies, getting rest and minimizing stress can postivitely impact our mood and immunity. Look to the positives of being home by using the time to create better habits for yourself. Find a Hobby: Now that we have a better sense of our day to day maybe its time to pick up a new hobby espescially for the winter months. Take that Master Class you've seen advertised, complete those home projects or do something with all those pictures on your computer and create some albums. Having a hobby can take your mind off things and has been shown to decrease stress and depression. Stay Positive: Be the person who spreads positivity not negativity. We all know those people who can complain about everything and maybe at times we are those people. One thing I think we all have learned this year is gratitude. Before you decide to complain about something that wasn't done right(e.g. remote learning, work, someone's post on social media) take a breath, put yourself in someone else's shoes, don't engage, and look for the positive side. Getting upset, angry or complaining is a big hit to our mental well being and undue stress. Find the balance of what works for you and don't be afraid to limit your interaction with negative people, social media, or the news. It might be just what your mental health needs. Stay Connected to Friends and Family: Probably one of the toughest parts of this pandemic has been social isolation. Feeling disconnected and not being able to see loved ones can take a toll on our mood especially around the holidays. Use Facetime and Zoom to make recipes with loved ones this holiday season, write letters, send holiday cards or pick up the phone and check in on loved ones, especially those living alone. You'll find it not only lifts their spirits but yours too.
Pregnancy Q&A With Dr. Sears
This week Dr. Sears answers questions he gets pertaining to diet and pregnancy. Learn about the role diet plays in fertility, conception and the health of mom and baby. Q: Dr. Sears we know that diet is important prior to conceiving and during gestation. What nutrients do you recommend women get enough of if they are thinking about conceiving or once they find out their pregnant? A: Infertility is a growing problem and I believe that inflammation is a major contributor to that situation. That’s why I recommend both females and males contemplating conception consume an anti-inflammatory diet. Such a diet is not to lose excess body fat, but to reduce inflammation and establish the hormonal balance that makes it more likely for successful procreation. Such an anti-inflammatory diet is adequate in low-fat protein, moderate in carbohydrates (but rich in fruits and vegetables), and low in fat (especially saturated fat). The most important supplement for both males and females to improve the success of conception would be omega-3 fatty acids because of their hormonal benefits in reducing inflammation in females and improving sperm quality in males. Once the mother is pregnant, her nutrition becomes paramount for the baby. This means following the same anti-inflammatory diet during pregnancy and especially focusing on fiber rich foods (especially fermentable fiber) for her gut health. Q: Most physicians recommend taking an omega-3 supplement when pregnant. Generally this is about 250-500mg or so of EPA and DHA. Do you think this is enough? A: I think that 250-500mg is too low a dose to reap all the benefits that come from omega-3 supplementation. For general wellness I recommend individuals consume about 3000 mg of EPA and DHA per day and this is the same amount I’d recommend for pregnant women too. Q: Do you need more omega-3s as pregnancy goes on or can you continue with the same dose? A: Throughout pregnancy I recommend women stay with the same dose of 3000 mg of EPA and DHA per day. This is because in the last trimester of pregnancy the fetus is making about 250,000 new brain cells per minute and that requires a lot of omega-3 fatty acids. Q: Once you deliver the baby can you stop taking omega-3s? A: I wouldn’t recommend it. Omega3 fatty acids only last about 24-48 hours in the blood so it requires you take a consistent dosage regularly. During the pregnancy, the fetus has been depleting the omega-3s from the mother’s reserve to develop its brain. What this means is that after the birth of the child, the mother can develop a sense of depression without continued omega-3 supplementation to replace her internal stores. I recommend staying either with the same dose or and you may even need to bump up the dosage after delivery especially if the mother is breast feeding to ensure adequate levels of EPA and DHA in her breast milk. I always recommend testing the levels of omega-3s in your blood to determine what dose is right for you by keeping your AA/EPA ratio between 1.5 and 3. Q: What are the benefits of omega-3s for both mom and child? A: EPA and DHA the omega-3s found in fish oil are known for their role in supporting heart health, a healthy immune system and inflammatory response as well as supporting eye and brain development. They’ve also been shown to help minimize the risk of allergies in children. They work by increasing the production of the hormones known as resolvins that are key to maintaining low levels of inflammation in both the mother and the child. Q: What do you look for in an omega-3 supplement? A: The vast majority of fish oil products use the same raw material (sardines and anchovies), but what separates one from the other is their purification to remove toxins that are found in all fish oil products. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are the most difficult toxins to remove from fish oil. That is why my standards for PCBs (less than 2 parts per billion) are 25 times more stringent than pharmaceutical standards and 45 times more rigid than those established for the dietary supplement industry. You also want to look at the total amount of EPA and DHA since that is where the health benefits of omega-3s come from. OmegaRx 2 supplies 750mg of EPA and DHA per gram (1 capsule). This is the highest purity fish oil with the highest amounts of EPA and DHA currently offered in the marketplace without a prescription. Each serving of OmegaRx 2 (4 capsules or 1 tsp) supplies 3000mg of EPA and DHA. Purity and potency are most important when looking to take an omega-3 supplement. But you also have to look at the price. Based on the cost per gram of EPA and DHA, OmegaRx 2 is probably the least expensive source of EPA and DHA (based on cost per gram) with the highest purity and the greatest potency. Q: When you have morning sickness the last thing you can stomach is fruits, vegetables or even protein. It seems like crackers and ginger ale becoming the diet of choice. What do you recommend for women with morning sickness? A: Pregnancy isn’t easy and morning sickness can be unbearable for some women. Morning sickness tends to decline as the pregnancy continues. My recommendation is try and keep up with your omega-3s and prenatal vitamin to cover your bases and the meals where you are feeling good try and get in as many vegetables and fruits you can even if it’s by adding it to a shake, with some protein powder, and some monounsaturated fat. Q: Can fish oil help with some of the aches and pains of pregnancy? A: Yes. Carrying around extra weight can take its toll especially in pregnancy with the pressure on the joints and stretching. The anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to help with joint support and to help minimize some of the inflammation that results in pain. Q: Women who might not struggle with high blood sugar or high blood pressure prior to becoming pregnant might start to have these numbers creep up during pregnancy or even lead to gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Can diet and supplementation help? A: The Zone diet is really ideal for individuals who are looking to support healthy blood pressure and healthy blood sugar. The Zone diet is not a weight loss diet, but an anti-inflammatory diet. I like to think of it as an anti-inflammatory lifestyle.Inflammation underlies many of these conditions associated with pregnancy. Omega-3s have been clinically shown to help support healthy blood pressure. Polyphenols which give fruits and vegetables their color, especially polyphenols found in berries known as delphinidins, may further help with blood sugar control. That’s why I consider all three dietary components (diet, omega-3 fatty acids, and polyphenols) to be important during pregnancy as well as afterwards whether the mother is nursing or not. Q: If you can’t swallow fish oil capsules, what would you recommend? A: Liquid fish oil is a great alternative for individuals who can’t swallow capsules or who require higher amounts of omega-3s. You can add the liquid omega-3 fatty acids to some high-quality olive oil (rich in polyphenols) and take it orally. Better yet, you can make an emulsion by adding some dry lecithin to about 3-4 ounces of water and the liquid omega-3 and then blend them with a high-speed hand blender. If you can swallow smaller capsules, but not the standard size microcapsules might be an option too.
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