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Seasonal Spices and Their Health Benefits

When we think about spices this time of year, we think of those that create warmth and provide comfort. Anise, allspice, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, ginger, and nutmeg are popular spices in the fall and winter. They are interwoven into the season for the warmth they create but can be used year-round. Spices have been used for centuries for their medicinal purposes, and as flavoring agents and to preserve food. While including spices in your meals is a great way to enhance flavor, it significantly increases their healthfulness since they are a rich source of polyphenols and antioxidants. Here we break down each of these spices, tell a little about their health benefits and give you a few ideas on foods they pair well with.

120621---Anisa---BlogAnise: Anise comes in different varieties; seed, fennel, and star. It is known for its licorice flavor that comes from a compound call anethole. Anethole is found naturally in high concentrations in the oils of anise and is used in a variety of medicines and pharmaceuticals (1). Anise pairs well with fish and stews. Star anise is one of the main ingredients in Chinese 5 spice powder and Chinese cuisine (2).

120621---Allspice---BlogAllspice: Allspice is derived from the dried berries of the Caribbean tropical tree, Pimenta dioica. It is used in Central American cuisines (i.e. think jerk dishes in Jamaican cuisine) for seasoning meat and desserts. It is rich in polyphenols known for their anti-bacterial, anti-hypotensive, anti-neuralgic, and analgesic properties and studies in animals show some of the compounds it contains may offer protection against tumor growth (3,4).

120621---Cardamom-(Green)---BlogCardamom (Green): Cardamom is a part of the same family as ginger and is made from the seeds of different plants. Studies have shown it plays a role in oxidative stress by enhancing anti-inflammatory enzymes. Its benefits are diverse in that it’s been linked to improvements in blood sugar and lipid markers (5), gastrointestinal health as well as a potential role in chemoprevention (6). It has a sweet and pungent taste and pairs well with chicken and lamb and is used in Indian and Middle Eastern cuisine.

120621--Cinnamon--BlogCinnamon: Cinnamon comes from the inner bark of several trees. While it's popular for its role in many foods as a flavoring agent and condiment, it is well known in the literature for lowering blood sugar levels (6). Cinnamon pairs well with many spices, apples, cocoa, breakfast and brunch options and can be found in Indian, Mexican, Moroccan and Middle Eastern cuisine.

120621---Cloves---BlogCloves: Cloves have one of the highest polyphenol counts clocking in at 16047.50 mg/100 g. It has antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties which are largely attributed to its high polyphenols and unique oils. When it comes to food they pair well with baked ham and pork and work well with many other spices too.

120621---Ginger---BlogGinger: Ginger is a root derived from the Ginger plant, a member of the turmeric family. It is thought to have originated in India. It is used in foods for its hot, fragrant spice but also is popular in medicine (1). Studies have shown its role in combating nausea, minimizing inflammation, managing blood lipids, aiding in tumor suppression and growth, and as anti-bacterial agent, too.

120621---Nutmeg---BlogNutmeg: Nutmeg and mace are relatives in that they come from different parts of the same tree. They are derived from an evergreen tree indigenous to the Spice Islands in Indonesia (1). Nutmeg leans a bit sweeter in taste and while there are many foods it can be used with it pairs well with cheese/cheese dishes, cream, milk and spinach. This is one of the primary spices you’ll find in Eggnog during the holiday season (2). A little goes a long way when it comes to flavor.

Favorite Fall and Winter Spices

Did you know that your favorite seasonal spices can easily be made at home as they are just combinations of the spices above?

Gingerbread Spice: Ginger, Cinnamon, Nutmeg, Cloves, and Allspice

Pumpkin Pie Spice: Cinnamon, Ginger, Nutmeg, and Cloves

Apple Pie Spice: Cinnamon, Ginger, Nutmeg, and Cardamom

Why Dr. Sears Like Using Spices

The best raw fruits (primarily berries) contain about 0.1 % of weight as polyphenols, raw vegetables about 0.2%. Dried spices are about 5% of their weight as polyphenols. This why they are so bitter. The ultimate benefit of polyphenosl is to activate AMPK which in turn inhibits Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB). This reduces cytokine formation. Most polyphenols are totally water-insoluble and therefore can't be absorbed. However, they can be metabolized by bacteria in the colon to smaller fragments containing phenolic structures that can be absorbed. This is why we recommend consuming various sources of polyphenols during the day; fruits, vegetables, spices and also maqui berry. The beauty of maqui berry polyphenols is they are directly absorbed by the body to have maximal impact on activation of AMPK.

Tips For Incorporating into Your Foods

We tend to be creatures of habit with our meal prep, but spices have a way of elevating the taste of anything we make to have it feel new and different. To avoid over-powering your dishes start adding a sprinkle or pinch first and then add small amounts as needed. Here are a few ways to add them into your day.

  1. Add them into your roasted vegetable mixes and stir-fries
  2. Rub on top of your meats for cooking or use them in your marinades
  3. Mix into yogurt and oatmeal
  4. Add into sour cream, plain yogurt and hummus for dipping vegetables and fruit
  5. Sprinkle them on top of your coffee grounds or into your tea before brewing
  6. Add into your sauces, soups, and stews
  7. Incorporate into salads and salad dressings

You May Also Like: Herbs and Spice - What to Know

References

  1. Rosa Vázquez-Fresno, Albert Remus R. Rosana, Tanvir Sajed, Tuviere Onookome-Okome, Noah A. Wishart, David S. Wishart. Herbs and Spices- Biomarkers of Intake Based on Human Intervention Studies – A Systematic Review. Genes Nutr. 2019; 14: 18
  2. Page, K. Dornenburg, A. 2008. The Flavor Bible: The Essential Guide to Culinary Creativity, Based on the Wisdom of America's Most Imaginative Chefs Hardcover. Little Brown and Company.
  3. Lei Zhang, Bal L. Lokeshwar. Medicinal Properties of the Jamaican Pepper Plant Pimenta dioica and Allspice. Curr Drug Targets. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 Jan 14.
  4. Lei Zhang, Nagarajarao Shamaladevi, Guddadarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha, Bhimu S. Patil, Bal L. Lokeshwar. Polyphenol-rich extract of Pimenta dioica berries (Allspice) kills breast cancer cells by autophagy and delays growth of triple negative breast cancer in athymic mice. Oncotarget. 2015 Jun 30; 6(18): 16379–16395
  5. Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Qorbani M, Mansouri S, Alavian SM, Badri-Fariman M, Jazayeri-Tehrani SA, Sotoudeh G. Green cardamom supplementation improves serum irisin, glucose indices, and lipid profiles in overweight or obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Mar 12;19(1):59.
  6. Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, Varsha Rana, Dey Parama, Kishore Banik, Sosmitha Girisa, Sahu Henamayee, Krishan Kumar Thakur, Uma Dutta, Prachi Garodia, Subash C. Gupta, Bharat B. Aggarwal. COVID-19, cytokines, inflammation, and spices: How are they related? Life Sci. 2021 Nov 1; 284: 119201.

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022724---Weight-Loss-Blog

Dr. Sears Q&A: Weight Loss

With so much interest in weight loss and so much buzz around weight loss drugs, we put together some of the top questions we get in this latest Q&A blog. Here Dr. Sears answers your questions on weight loss, weight loss drugs and what he thinks is the most scientifically backed way to lose weight. See what he has to say.Question: What medical conditions could impede weight loss, and how can they be identified?  Answer:  Any condition associated with insulin resistance will make it difficult to lose weight.  This would include diabetes, heart disease, neurological disease, etc.  Also, any drug that induces insulin resistance will also make it difficult to lose weight.  These include corticosteroids and many neurological drugs. Question: How do hormones affect weight loss, and which imbalances are most detrimental? Answer: High levels of insulin (caused by insulin resistance), high levels of cortisol (caused by stress), and low levels of satiety hormones such as GLP-1 will make weight loss difficult. Question: Is there a connection between sleep quality and weight loss? Answer: Poor quality sleep increases cortisol levels that lead to insulin resistance. The higher your level of insulin resistance, the more difficult it is for any organ to remove glucose from the blood for transport into the cell, where it can be converted to energy. This i Question: Do any weight loss supplements work?  Answer: Not really. You have to restrict calories to activate AMPK which causes your body to effectively burn excess stored body fat.   Question: What medications are FDA approved for weight loss? Answer: There are number of approved older drugs, but the most widely used is still an old drug (Phentermine) that was only recently approved for long-term use. However, the new injectable GLP-1 receptor agonists are more powerful and more popular. The scientific name for the most well-known injectable weight-loss drug is semaglutide, which is marketed under the tradenames Ozempic and Wegovy. In simple terms, these injectable drugs activate the release of the hormone GLP-1 from the gut that goes directly to the brain to tell you to stop eating. These drugs were initially developed to treat type 2 diabetes, but the clinical studies in overweight and obese individuals demonstrated significant weight loss at higher levels. Question: What are the unintended side effects of weight loss medications (i.e. GLP-1s, dual GIP/GLP-1). Answer: One major problem is that the lack of hunger caused by the drug makes you less likely to consume sufficient protein to maintain lean body mass.  Lean body mass is defined as functional tissue such as organs (including the brain) and bone.  Nearly 40 percent of the weight loss in obese patients comes from loss of lean body mass.  Without adequate protein (especially on a diet that is calorie-restricted because of lack of hunger), the replacement of damaged cells is compromised.  The skin and hair are the first site to suffer.  This lack of protein also makes it difficult to maintain mitochondrial function that provides energy for each of your 30 trillion cells. As a result, fatigue (both mental and physical) is often experienced. Question: Would you recommend an injectable weight loss drug? Answer: The answer is no. There is a big difference between weight loss and fat loss. Weight loss is the combined loss of stored body fat and lean body mass (i.e., muscle). You want to lose fat but not muscle. Although the weight loss using weekly semaglutide injections is impressive according to the literature, a deeper look shows that about 40 percent of that weight loss is due to loss of lean body mass. That is not a good sign. It suggests that the injections reduce hunger to the extent that the person has little desire to eat enough protein to maintain muscle mass. In essence, the drug increases the patients' sarcopenia (muscle loss). One of the consequences of sarcopenia is increased frailty. Also once you stop using these weight loss drugs, the weight quickly returns. Question: Does a high protein diet help with weight loss? Answer: Most high protein diets are ketogenic diets that disrupt metabolism in addition to being high fat.  The appropriate diet is protein-adequate (about 30 grams of protein at each meal), carbohydrate-moderate (primarily non-starchy vegetables, low-fat (to reduce calories) and rich in fermentable fiber.  The common name for such a diet is the Zone diet. The ideal amount of protein at each meal for weight loss is about 30 grams. Less than 30 grams of protein at meal will not generate the hormonal signals from the gut to stop hunger. Too much protein at meal, greater than 30 grams, will inhibit AMPK activity which helps cells burn excess stored fat.  

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020524-Winter-E-Newsletter-Blog-4

Aging: Can You Slow It Down?

The first few weeks of the New Year are often focused on the resolve to lose weight, when in actuality people should focus their goals on slowing down aging, no matter the time of year. The only regimen that clinically achieves results in slowing the aging process is calorie restriction without malnutrition. Why? It’s not simply losing weight but orchestrating the complex interplay of reducing senescent cells, reprograming your metabolism, and changing gene expression, leading to a longer and better life.   A Timeline of Calorie Restriction   The first recorded human experiments with calorie restriction began with the written books of Luigi Cornaro in the 16th century, as I outlined in my book The Anti-Aging Zone, published in 1999. However, the molecular mechanisms of why calorie restriction is so effective required more recent breakthroughs in metabolism and epigenetics that were confirmed with the CALERIE study that carefully controlled the diets of 225 participants over two years and then ongoing testing of their retained blood samples.     The results of the CALERIE study have been impressive. However, the one clear take-home lesson was that reduction of insulin resistance was the most predictive blood marker correlated with the genetic changes and the decrease in senescent cells that ultimately accelerate aging.   The Zone on Calorie Restriction   The Zone diet is a calorie-restricted diet that was patented to reduce insulin resistance. It requires balancing macronutrients at each meal to generate the rapid hormonal changes that give rise to satiety. Only then can you follow calorie restriction for a lifetime without hunger and fatigue. It starts with having enough protein at each meal to create satiety in the brain's appetite control center. You need about 30 grams of protein (no more, but no less) at each meal to generate the same hormonal responses induced by the recent injectable weight loss drugs. However, you also must balance that protein with an adequate level of low-glycemic carbohydrates (about 40 grams) to stabilize blood glucose levels, and then add a dash of monounsaturated fat (about 15 grams). Over the years, it has been demonstrated by more than 40 research publications that the Zone diet is superior to ketogenic diets and the Mediterranean diet under controlled clinical research.    A New Technology to Slow Down Aging  Unfortunately, many people think the Zone diet requires too much thinking.  That’s why I developed Zone Foods to overcome that problem. The first generation of Zone Foods demonstrated dramatic reductions in insulin resistance compared to a control group, getting an equal number of calories (1). The second generation of Zone Foods offers greater variety and even more appetite suppression without thinking. This second generation will include new and improved versions of the Zone Pasta and Zone Bars, with new additions of Zone Muffins, Zone Oatmeal, Zone Granola, Zone Soups, and Zone Cookies (coming soon!). Each Zone Food contains 15 grams of protein, balanced with the appropriate level of low-glycemic carbohydrates, so any combination of two Zone Foods will provide the critical 30 grams of protein at a meal to stop hunger and maintain peak mental awareness for the next five hours. The growing variety of Zone Foods makes following the Zone diet incredibly easy. If you are never hungry, that indicates that you are reducing insulin resistance. The long-term benefit to you is slowing aging, which is only possible with lifelong use of Metabolic Engineering that starts with the Zone diet as its foundation. You May Also Like: Reaching the Zone Using Metabolic Engineering

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